nūhou

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā tanneries me ke ʻano a me ka ʻinoʻino o ka "sulfide smell", ʻo ia ke kumu o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kinoea sulfhydric, i kapa ʻia ʻo hydrogen sulfide. ʻO nā pae haʻahaʻa e like me ka 0.2 ppm o H2S ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu i nā kānaka a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o 20 ppm. ʻO ka hopena, hiki ke koi ʻia nā tanneries e pani i nā hana beamhouse a i ʻole e koi ʻia e hoʻoneʻe hou mai nā wahi lehulehu.
ʻOiai ua hana pinepine ʻia ka beamhouse a me ka tanning ma ka hale like, ʻo ka ʻala ka pilikia liʻiliʻi. Ma o nā hewa kanaka, paʻa mau kēia i ka pōʻino o ka hui ʻana i nā lana ʻakika me ka sulfide i loko o ka beamhouse float a hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o H2S. Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 500 ppm paʻa ʻia nā mea hoʻokipa olfactory a pau a ke kinoea, no laila, lilo i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia a ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana no 30 min ka hopena i ka ʻona hoʻoweliweli. Ma kahi o ka 5,000 ppm (0.5%), ʻike ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa a lawa ka hanu hoʻokahi e make koke i loko o kekona.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau pilikia a me nā pilikia, ʻo ka sulphide ka mea i makemake ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho no hoʻokahi haneli. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia i nā mea ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole ke hana: ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā sulphides organik i hiki ke hana akā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ma muli o nā kumukūʻai keu. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho wale nō e nā enzymes proteolytic a me keratolytic ua hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia akā no ka nele o ka koho i paʻakikī i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. Nui nā hana i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka oxidative unhairing, akā a hiki i kēia lā ua kaupalena ʻia i kāna hoʻohana ʻana no ka mea paʻakikī ke loaʻa nā hopena kūlike.

Ke kaʻina hana unhairing

Ua helu ʻo Covington i ka nui o ka sodium sulphide i koi ʻia o ka papa hana ʻenehana (60-70%) no ke kaʻina puhi lauoho he 0.6% wale nō, pili i ka huna paona. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā huina maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no kahi kaʻina hana hilinaʻi, ʻo ia ka 2-3%. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia, ʻo ia ka nui o ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion sulphide (S2-) i ka lana. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā lana pōkole no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka sulphide kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pae sulphide e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ka wehe ʻana o ka lauoho i kahi manawa kūpono.
Ke nānā pono nei i ke ʻano o ka helu ʻana o ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻike maopopo ʻia ke koi pono ʻia ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o ka hoʻouka ʻana no kahi kaʻina hana. I loko o ke kaʻina hana puhi lauoho, ʻo kēia wahi o ka hoʻouka ʻana ʻo ke keratin o ka cortex lauoho, i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e ka sulphide ma muli o ka haki ʻana o nā alahaka cystine.
Ma kahi kaʻina hana palekana lauoho, kahi e pale ʻia ai ke keratin e ka pae o ka pale ʻana, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana ʻo ka protein o ka puʻupuʻu lauoho i hydrolysed ma muli o nā kūlana alkaline a i ʻole nā ​​enzyme proteolytic, inā aia. ʻO ka lua a me ka mea nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻo ia ka pre-keratin e kū ana ma luna o ka ʻōpala lauoho; hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻia e ka proteolytic hydrolysis i hui pūʻia me ka hopena keratolytic o ka sulphide.
ʻO kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ka maʻalahi o kēia mau wahi o ka hoʻouka ʻana no ke kaʻina hana kemika, e ʻae ai i kahi kiʻekiʻe kūloko o ka sulphide e hopena i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka unhairing. 'O ia ho'i, inā hiki ke komo ma'alahi i nā kinikini ka'ina hana (e like me ka lime, sulphide, enzyme etc.) i nā wahi ko'iko'i, hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia i nā kinikini ha'aha'a loa.

He kumu nui ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana no ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho

ʻO nā kemika a pau i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana unhairing he hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a ʻo ka wai ke ʻano hana. No laila, ʻo ka grease kahi pale kūlohelohe e hōʻemi ana i ka pono o kekahi kemika unhairing. Hiki i ka wehe ʻana i ka momona ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana o ke kaʻina hana unhairing ma hope. No laila, pono e waiho ʻia ke kumu no ka unhairing maikaʻi me ka hāʻawi nui ʻana o nā mea kemika i ka pae ʻana.
ʻO ka pahuhopu he degreasing maikaʻi o ka lauoho a me ka ʻili huna a me ka wehe ʻana i ka momona sebaceous. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe pono e pale aku i ka wehe ʻana i ka momona nui ma ka laulā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻiʻo, no ka mea hiki ʻole ke mālama i ka emulsion a ʻo ka momona smearing ka hopena. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i kahi ʻili momona ma mua o ka "maloʻo" i makemake ʻia, kahi e hōʻino ai i ka pono o ka hana unhairing.
ʻOiai ʻo ka wehe ʻana i ka momona mai kekahi mau mea i kūkulu ʻia o ka ʻili e hōʻike ana iā lākou i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā kemika unhairing, hiki ke pale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili i ka manawa like. Hōʻike ka ʻike i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline i hāʻawi ʻia e ka honua-alkali pūhui ka hopena i nā ʻili me ka piha piha o nā ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻōpū a me kahi wahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe wehewehe paʻa loa no kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo i hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻia, akā hōʻike nā helu analytical ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hoʻoinu ʻana me nā alkaline honua e hopena i ka mahele ʻokoʻa loa o nā mea momona i loko o ka ʻili i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pulu ʻana me ka lehu soda.
ʻOiai ua ʻano like ka hopena degreasing me ka lehu soda, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alkaline honua e hopena i ka ʻoi aku o ka momona o nā mea momona ma nā wahi i hana ʻole ʻia o ka pelt, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia i kēia manawa inā ma muli o ka wehe ʻana i ka momona mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka waiho hou ʻana o nā mea momona. ʻO kēlā me kēia kumu kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi o ka ʻoki ʻana.
Hoʻohana kekahi mea hoʻoheheʻe koho hou i nā hopena i wehewehe ʻia; Hāʻawi ia i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka lauoho-aʻa maikaʻi a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho me ka hāʻawi sulphide i hoʻemi ʻia, a ma ka manawa like e mālama ai i ka pono o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao.

ʻO ka haʻahaʻa sulphide enzymatic i kōkua i ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho

Ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau pono ʻana o ka ʻili i ka hoʻohu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho me kahi kaʻina hana e hoʻohana ana i ka hui pū ʻana o kahi hoʻoheheʻe proteolytic enzymatic a me ka hopena keratolytic o ka sulphide. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi kaʻina hana palekana lauoho, hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hāʻawi sulphide i nā pae o 1% wale nō e pili ana i ka huna ʻana i ke kaumaha ma nā ʻili pipi nui. Hiki ke hana i kēia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka helu a me ka pono o ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho a i ʻole ka maʻemaʻe o ka pelt. ʻO ka hāʻawi haʻahaʻa hoʻi e hoʻemi nui ʻia nā pae o ka sulphide i loko o ka lana liming a me ka peʻe (e hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i ka H2S liʻiliʻi ma hope deliming a pickling!). Hiki ke hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana puhi lauoho kuʻuna ma ka hāʻawi haʻahaʻa sulphide like.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hopena keratolytic o ka sulphide, koi mau ka proteolytic hydrolysis no ka unhairing. ʻO ka puʻupuʻu lauoho, aia i loko o ka protein, a me ka pre-keratin e kū ana ma luna ona pono e hoʻouka ʻia. Hoʻokō ʻia kēia e ka alkalinity a me ke koho ʻia e nā enzyme proteolytic.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka collagen i ka hydrolysis ma mua o ka keratin, a ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lime, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka collagen maoli a no laila e lilo i mea maʻalahi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pehu alkaline ka mea e maʻalahi ai ka pelt i ka pōʻino kino. No laila, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻouka kaua proteolytic ma ka ʻōpala lauoho a me ka pre-keratin ma kahi pH haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lime.
Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia e kahi proteolytic enzymatic unhairing formulation hou nona kāna hana kiʻekiʻe a puni ka pH 10.5. Ma ka pH maʻamau o kahi kaʻina hana liming ma kahi o 13, haʻahaʻa loa ka hana. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili i ka hydrolytic degradation i ka wā i kona kūlana koʻikoʻi loa.

He haʻahaʻa sulphide, haʻahaʻa lime lauoho kaʻina hana palekana

ʻO kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pale ana i nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o ka ʻili a me kahi hana enzymatic unhairing i hoʻopau ʻia i ka pH kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa e loaʻa ai ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa a me ka wahi hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia o ka ʻili. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana unhairing hou ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka hāʻawi sulphide, ʻoiai ma ke kaʻina puhi lauoho. Akā, loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi kiʻekiʻe loa inā hoʻohana ʻia i kahi kaʻina palekana lauoho. ʻO nā hopena i hui pū ʻia o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa a me ka hopena proteolytic koho o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka enzyme kūikawā e hopena i ka unhairing hilinaʻi loa me ka pilikia ʻole o ka lauoho maikaʻi a me nā aʻa lauoho a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻana o ka pelt.

Hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻōnaehana i ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻili e alakaʻi i ka ʻili palupalu inā ʻaʻole i uku ʻia e ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hāʻawi lime. ʻO kēia, i hui pū ʻia me ka nānā ʻana o ka lauoho e kahi kānana, alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi nui o ka sludge.

Ka hopena

ʻO kahi sulfide haʻahaʻa, kaʻina lime haʻahaʻa me ka epidermis maikaʻi, ka lauoho-aʻa a me ka lauoho lauoho maikaʻi hiki ke hoʻomākaukau me ka hoʻomākaukau pono ʻana o ka ʻili i ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea kōkua enzymatic koho i ka wehe ʻole ʻana i ka lauoho me ka ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka pono o ka palaoa, ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao.
I ka hui pū ʻana i nā huahana ʻelua, hāʻawi ka ʻenehana i nā pōmaikaʻi aʻe ma luna o kahi ala hana kuʻuna:

- hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana
- ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻala ʻino
- hoʻemi nui i ka ukana ma ke kaiapuni - sulphide, nitrogen, COD, sludge
- ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻana, ka ʻoki a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili
- haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai kemika, kaʻina hana a me nā ʻōpala